By Robert Montano and Prianka Srinivasan
Please find below the latest installment in The GovLab Index series, inspired by Harper’s Index. “The GovLab Index: Open Data” provides an update on our previous Open Data installment, and highlights global trends in Open Data and the release of public sector information.
Previous installments of the Index include Prizes and Challenges, Measuring Impact with Evidence, The Data Universe, Participation and Civic Engagement and Trust in Institutions. Please share any additional statistics and research findings on the intersection of technology in governance with us by emailing shruti at thegovlab.org.
Value and Impact

• Value of opening public sector data in the UK: 0.5% increase in GDP every year
• Total market value of open data in EU in 2016: estimated €193 billion – €209 billion
• Estimated indirect economic benefit of open data on EU economy: 1.7% of GDP
  
• Potential global value of open data estimated by McKinsey: $3 trillion annually
  • Potential yearly value for the United States: $1.1 trillion
  • Europe: $900 billion
  • Rest of the world: $1.7 trillion
    
• Projected market value of open data in EU by 2020: €286 billion  
• Number of Open Data jobs in Europe today: 75,000
• Predicted number of Open Data jobs in Europe by 2020: 100,000 (35% increase)
• Estimated number of lives saved by Open Data initiatives in Europe: 1425 per year
• Estimated number of hours saved by applying Open Data to traffic in Europe: 629 million hours
  
• Road fatalities prevented in Europe by open data: 5.5%
• Tax revenue gained from Open Data in Europe:  €140 billion annually
• Growth of GDP in G20 countries with Open Data initiatives: 1.1% annually
• Potential value of open data among G20 countries: $700 billion to $950 billion annually
• Predicted investment in Australian government by doubling open data access and use: AUD 19 billion over five years
• Value added to UK GDP in 2016 by data mapping initiative:  £13.0 million – £28.5 million
• Return to UK economy for every £1 invested in its Open Data Challenge Series: £5 – £10
• Number of jobs created in the UK thanks to its Open Data Challenge Series: 75-141  jobs
  
• The impact of Spain’s “infomediary” sector (companies that sell services on top of Open Data): 150 companies, employing approximately 4,000 people, generating €330-550 million annually.
• Estimated public sector global value gained by developing digital transport applications: $720-920 billion
• Amount saved in 2014 by open data agricultural projects in Colombia: $3.6 million
• Savings from open data construction intention viewer and open source tools in New Zealand: $4m in construction costs in first year
• Value of products and services based on open weather data: $15 billion
• Value of US Landsat geospatial data: $2.19b in 2011
• Estimated Gross Value Added (GVA) by the Geospatial Services Sector: $113 billion a year, 0.2% of global GVA
• Value of GPS data in the US: $96 billion annually, 3.3 million jobs
• Full-time employees in Netherland’s geo-sector in 2008: 15,000
• Cost-saving gains of GPS data in the US’ agriculture sector: $19.9 billion a year
• Estimated value of open weather data in the US: $19.2 billion in 2007, up from $4.6 billion in 2004
• US Venture capital in data-related areas in first half of 2013 alone:  $1.28 billion across 127 deals
• Potential value created in US healthcare through the use of Open Data: $300 billion
• Increased travel efficiency in major European cities due to data initiative: speed increase of 8%, reduction in parking occupancy from 100% to 65%
• Jobs created in Barcelona due to smart city program: 47,000
• Estimated savings from Barcelona smart city program: $95 million annually
• Estimated savings from a data-sharing program in UK hospitals: £34 million (w/ 76% reduction in infection rates)
• Percentage of traffic situations solved in minutes rather than hours in Brazil due to open data: 99%
• Number of commitments in the Open Government Partnership that use the phrase “open data”: 240 out of 2000

Public Views on and Use of Open Government Data in the US

• Percentage of Americans surveyed that used the internet to find data or information pertaining to government in 2015  according to Pew Research study: 65%
• How many Americans think the federal government shares data very or somewhat effectively with the public: 44%
• How many Americans “could think of an example where local government did not provide enough useful information about data and information to the public”: 19%
• Percentage of Americans who have “used government sources to find information about student or teacher performance”: 20%
  • Those who have used government sources “to look for information on the performance of hospitals or health care providers”: 17%
  • To find out about contracts between governmental agencies and external firms: 7%
    
• Percentage of Americans with a smartphone who have used open data: 84%
  
• Percentage of Americans surveyed who think governments are very effective in sharing data to the public according to Pew Research study: 5%

Efforts and Involvement

• Countries participating in the Open Government Partnership today: 70
  • In 2011? 8
• Countries with open data portals: 52
  • In 2013? Approximately 40
• Percentage of governments that share open data on the performance of public education: 12% 
• Percentage of governments that release open data on health services: 7%
• Number of cities globally that participated in 2016 International Open Data Hackathon Day: 84
• Percentage of “open data readiness” assessed by European Data Portal: 59%
• Number of U.S. cities with Open Data Sites in 2016: 119
• Number of governments who have adopted the International Open Data Charter: 35
• Number of non-state organizations who have endorsed the International Open Data Charter: 30
• Number of places analyzed by the Open Data Index: 122
  • In 2014? 97
• Top 5 countries in Open Data Barometer rankings: UK, US, Sweden, France, New Zealand
• Percentage of countries, out of 122 assessed, that open their election results: 58%
  • In Sub-Saharan Africa? 42%
  • In Asia? 41%
  • In Eastern Europe? 71%
  • In Latin America? 71%
• Number of cities participating in the Open Data Census: 39
• Latin American countries with the highest number of open-data driven companies surveyed by the World Bank: Mexico, Chile and Brazil
• Asian countries with the highest number of open-data driven companies surveyed by the World Bank: India, Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia
• Average amount of equity and quasi-equity investment needed to finance data-driven companies in Latin America and Asia: $2 and $3 million
• Savings through real-time transport data in London, UK: £15-58 million each year 
• Rate of completion on coordination mechanism commitments among OGP members: 71%
• Rate of completion on sub-national open data commitments among OGP members: 75%

Examining Datasets

• Number of datasets available through data.gov: 189,814
• Number of datasets available through data.gov.uk: 39, 710
• Number of datasets available through data.gov.au: 23,270
  
• Number of datasets available via the Open Data Index: 156
• Countries assessed by the Open Data Barometer (ODB) that release data on government spending: 8%
• Number of datasets classed as “open” by the Open Data Index: 9% (down from 12% in 2014)
• Percentage of countries surveyed by ODB (92) with open data initiatives in place: 55%
• Percentage of data available online in ODB survey: 76%
• Percentage of civil societies/tech communities utilizing data in ODB survey: 93%
• ODB Government data updated at regular intervals: 73%
• Average ranking of 92 countries by ODB with some form of open data policy (scaled 0-100): 33
• Percentage of datasets found by ODB in top 10 ranked countries: 50%
• Percentage of open datasets in Australia, according to Open Data Census: 30%
• Number of datasets in the Caribbean according to Open Data Census: 27
• Percentage of open datasets in the Caribbean, according to Open Data Census: 7%

 
Sources
“About the Open Government Partnership” Open Government Partnership, 2016.
“Aligning Supply and Demand for Better Governance.” Independence Reporting Mechanism Report of the Open Government Partnership. 2015.
“Americans’ Views on Open Government Data.” Pew Research Center. April 2015.
“Characterization study of the Infomediary Sector”. Datos.gov.es, July 2012.
“Creating Value through Open Data,” European Data Portal, European Commission. 2015.

“Data Will Only Get Us So Far. We Need it to be Open.” World Economic Forum. January 16, 2016.
Datasets of the United Kingdom
“The Economic Benefits of Commercial GPS Use in the U.S. and The Costs of Potential Disruption.” NPD Report. Nam D. Pham. 2011.

“The Economic Impact of Open Data”, Socrata. February 27, 2014.

“The economic impact of open data: what do we already know?”, International Trade Forum, December 2015.
European Data Portal, accessed September, 2016.
“International Open Data Hackathon” Open Data Day, accessed September 2016.
“Investment in Open Data Challenge Series could see 5 to 10-fold return to UK economy over 3 years” Open Data Institute News,October 2015.
“Landsat Benefited U.S. Economy by $1.8 Billion in 2011.” NASA Landsat Science. August 30, 2015.
“Making sense of US$3 trillion – Estimating the value of Open Data for Small Developing Economies”, IODC Blog. May, 2015.  
“New Development: Leveraging Big Data Analytics in the Public Sector.” Pandula Gamage. Public Money and Management. June 2016.
“New Surveys Reveal Dynamism, Challenges of Open Data-Driven Businesses in Developing Countries”, Ala Morrison, Data Blog of the World Bank. December 15, 2014.
“New Research Shows the Impact of Open Data in Agriculture and Nutrition”, Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition. May 28, 2015.
“New Zealand’s Christchurst Earthquake Clusters.” The Governance Lab.
Open Data Barometer, 2015 Global Report. World Wide Web Foundation and Open Data Institute.
“Open for Business: How Open Data Can Help Achieve the G20 Growth Target” Omidyar Network, June 2014.
“The Open Data Economy Unlocking Economic Value by Opening Government and Public Data” by Dinand Tinholt, Capgemini Consulting. February 2013.  
“Open Data for Economic Growth”, Report of the World Bank. June 25, 2014.
“Open Data in the United States”, data.gov, accessed September 2016.
“Permission granted: The economic value of data assets under alternative policy regimes”, 2016 Report. Open Data Institute.
“Policy in the Data Age: Data Enablement for the Common Good.” Karim Tadjeddine and Martin Lundqvist. McKinsey and Company. August 2016.
“Shakespeare Review: An Independent Review of Public Sector Information”, Commissioned by the UK Government. May 2013.
Researching the Economics of Data to Help Government make Better Choices, Jack Hardinges, Jeni Tennison and Peter Wells
“Review of recent studies on PSI reuse and related market developments.” European Commission. 2011.
“Tracking the state of government Open Data” Global Open Data Index, accessed September 2016.
URBAN MOBILITY IN THE SMART CITY AGE, Schneider Group, ARUP, The Climate Group. 2016
“US City Open Data Census” Open Knowledge International, accessed September 2016.
“What is the Economic Impact of Geo Services?”, Oxera Report. 2013.
Full Post: GovLab Index on Open Data – 2016 Edition